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Nursing ANCC - Nurse Executive Advanced Certification (NEA-BC) Sample Questions (Q136-Q141):

NEW QUESTION # 136
Obtaining informed consent from a patient requires all of the following EXCEPT

A. A discussion of the risks, benefits, and uncertainties related to each alternative
B. Recognition that most patients cannot weigh risks and benefits
C. An explanation of reasonable alternatives to the proposed intervention
D. An assessment of patient understanding

Answer: B

Explanation:
Informed consent is a fundamental principle in both medical ethics and international human rights law that ensures patients are fully informed about the options available in their treatment, including the potential risks and benefits of each option, and are thus able to make voluntary and educated decisions about their health care.
The process of obtaining informed consent involves several key components: 1. **An Explanation of the Procedure**: The health care provider must explain the nature of the procedure or treatment, what it involves, its purpose, and the process. 2. **Disclosure of Risks and Benefits**: Patients must be informed about the potential risks and benefits of the treatment, as well as the risks of not undergoing the treatment. 3. **Explanation of Alternatives**: The provider must discuss alternative treatments or procedures, including their risks and benefits, even if they might not be available under the provider's care. 4. **An Assessment of Patient Understanding**: It is crucial to ensure that the patient understands the information provided. This may involve asking the patient to repeat back the information or to explain it in their own words. 5. **Voluntary Participation**: Consent must be given voluntarily, without coercion or undue influence.
The option "Recognition that most patients cannot weigh risks and benefits" does not align with the principles of informed consent. This statement undermines the fundamental assumption of informed consent that patients, when fully informed, are capable of understanding their medical choices, including weighing the potential risks and benefits associated with them. Informed consent is predicated on the belief in the patient's ability to make decisions about their own health care once they are provided with all necessary information in a comprehensible manner.
By suggesting that most patients are incapable of weighing the risks and benefits, this option contradicts the empowerment of patients and the ethical obligation of health care providers to ensure that patients are adequately informed to make such decisions. Therefore, it is not a requirement of informed consent, but rather a misunderstanding of patient capacity and autonomy. This makes it the correct answer to the question of what is not required in obtaining informed consent, as it does not respect the competence and autonomy of the patient, which are core to the concept of informed consent.

NEW QUESTION # 137
With a hypothesis, which would be considered to be the cause?

A. Dependent variable
B. Uncommon variable
C. Independent variable
D. Common variable

Answer: C

Explanation:
In experimental research, the relationship between variables is crucial to understand the cause and effect within a given study. The two primary types of variables in such research are the independent variable and the dependent variable.
The independent variable is considered the cause in a hypothesis-driven experiment. This is because the independent variable is the one that the researcher manipulates or changes to observe what effect it has on another variable. By altering the independent variable, researchers can directly assess how changes in this variable influence the outcome or the dependent variable.
The dependent variable, on the other hand, is viewed as the effect. It is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment, and it is expected to change in response to the manipulation of the independent variable. The dependent variable depends on the state of the independent variable, and its changes are the effects observed and recorded by the researcher.
Therefore, when considering a hypothesis about cause and effect within an experiment, the independent variable is labeled as the cause. It is what the researcher adjusts to see if there is a resultant effect on another variable, which is the dependent variable. This setup allows the researcher to control for confounding elements and to isolate the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
In summary, in the context of experimental research that involves a hypothesis, the independent variable is the cause because it is the element that is manipulated to observe changes. The dependent variable, which changes in response to the independent variable, is considered the effect. This cause-and-effect relationship is fundamental to hypothesis testing in scientific research.

NEW QUESTION # 138
Which of the following statements about shared governance is least accurate?

A. Representatives should be elected, not selected.
B. Models should be based on a clinical rather than an administrative organization.
C. Shared governance is not management driven.
D. Shared governance is not a form of participatory management.

Answer: D

Explanation:
To address the question of which statement about shared governance is least accurate, we need to first understand the concept of shared governance and its characteristics.
Shared governance is a framework often used within organizations, particularly in healthcare and educational institutions, where stakeholders at various levels collaboratively participate in decision-making processes. The key attribute of shared governance is its emphasis on decentralizing the decision-making authority, empowering all members-often including employees, managers, and sometimes clients-to have a significant role in organizational decisions.
The first statement, "Shared governance is not management driven," accurately reflects the essence of shared governance. In shared governance, the decision-making process is typically spread across various levels of the organization, not dominated or driven solely by traditional management roles. This approach is meant to increase engagement and accountability among all participants.
The second statement, "Representatives should be elected, not selected," is also generally true in the context of shared governance. Electing representatives ensures that the governance structure is democratic and inclusive, allowing for a broader base of input and engagement from those who are governed. This method helps to ensure that decisions are made by representatives who truly reflect the views and interests of the wider group they represent.
The third statement, "Models should be based on a clinical rather than an administrative organization," aligns with the principles of shared governance in contexts like healthcare, where clinical outcomes and patient care are prioritized. This statement suggests that the governance model should focus more on clinical expertise and direct care providers rather than purely administrative or bureaucratic structures. This approach can lead to more effective decisions that are closely aligned with the core mission of healthcare organizations.
The fourth and fifth statements, both asserting that "Shared governance is not a form of participatory management," are where confusion may arise. These statements are least accurate as they contradict the fundamental principles of shared governance. Shared governance is indeed a form of participatory management because it involves various stakeholders in the decision-making process, rather than centralizing power within a traditional management hierarchy. Participatory management under shared governance allows for a more democratic approach where different opinions and expertise are valued and contribute to the outcomes.
Therefore, the statement "Shared governance is not a form of participatory management" is the least accurate among the options provided. Shared governance is inherently a participatory approach to management and governance, making this statement incorrect.

NEW QUESTION # 139
A nurse executive is speaking at a public forum. A member of the audience asks a long question related to his own health. How should the nurse executive respond?

A. Dismiss the question quickly and ask move on to other questions
B. Give a general response and offer to discuss the topic in private after the meeting
C. Inform the indvidual that is not possible to discuss personal health issues in public
D. Answer the question as fully as possible based on what the individual has said

Answer: B

Explanation:
When a nurse executive is presented with a personal health-related question at a public forum, the response must be carefully considered. It is important to remember that discussing specific personal health details in a public setting is not appropriate due to privacy concerns and the sensitive nature of medical information. Moreover, the nurse executive may not have all the necessary information to provide a comprehensive answer, as a proper medical consultation requires a private setting and possibly access to the individual's medical history and other relevant data.
However, it would also be inappropriate and unprofessional for the nurse executive to ignore or dismiss the question outright. Such an approach could be perceived as rude or uncaring. Therefore, the most suitable response involves a balance between respect for the individual's concerns and adherence to professional and ethical standards.
The recommended approach is for the nurse executive to provide a general response that addresses the topic broadly, without delving into specifics that would typically require confidentiality. For example, if asked about a specific condition or treatment, the nurse might briefly describe common practices or general advice concerning the condition but avoid any personalized medical advice.
Following the general response, the nurse executive should offer to discuss the matter privately after the forum. This allows the individual to receive the attention they need in a setting that respects their privacy. Additionally, it ensures that the audience's time is respected, keeping the forum focused on its general agenda.
This strategy not only protects the privacy and dignity of the individual asking the question but also maintains the professionalism and focus of the public forum. It demonstrates the nurse executive's commitment to both public engagement and individual patient care, upholding the standards of the nursing profession in a public leadership role.

NEW QUESTION # 140
What type of evaluation is goal-oriented?

A. Outcome evaluations.
B. Process evaluations.
C. Structure evaluations.
D. Evaluations do not focus on this.

Answer: A

Explanation:
The type of evaluation that is specifically goal-oriented is known as an outcome evaluation. This form of evaluation is crucial in assessing the effectiveness of a program, intervention, or treatment by focusing on the results or outcomes it produces with respect to predefined objectives or goals.
Outcome evaluations are conducted after the completion of an intervention. The primary purpose of this evaluation is to determine if the intervention has successfully met the intended goals, particularly in terms of patient or participant outcomes. These goals may vary widely depending on the context but typically include improvements in health, education, social behavior, or other relevant metrics that the intervention aims to influence.
Unlike process evaluations, which assess how a program was implemented or the fidelity to which a program was executed, outcome evaluations measure the ultimate results of the program. This can involve looking at end-state changes in conditions, behaviors, or practices that the program sought to alter. It is through these measurements that stakeholders can ascertain the value and efficacy of a program.
For example, in a healthcare setting, an outcome evaluation might examine whether a new treatment improved patient recovery rates, reduced symptoms, or enhanced quality of life for those affected by a certain condition. The focus is squarely on the end results, rather than the means by which these results were achieved.
In summary, outcome evaluations are essential for determining whether a program or intervention has achieved its goals. By focusing on the end results, these evaluations provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of the program and inform decisions about future implementations, modifications, or discontinuation. They are a key component of evidence-based practices across various fields including healthcare, education, and social services.

NEW QUESTION # 141
......

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